Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money? Wrong! If the General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your General Theory Of Employment Interest And Money, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{infobox Book || name = The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money| image = | author =
John Maynard Keynes| language = [English language| genre =
Nonfiction, for the [Royal Economic Society| media_type = Print ([Hardback & Paperback)]. The book, generally considered to be the magnum opus of the English economist, is largely credited for creating the terminology of modern macro-economics. Published in February 1936 it ushered in a revolution, commonly referred to as the "Keynesian Revolution", in the way economists thought and especially in terms of the feasibility and wisdom of public sector management and intervention towards the aggregate level of demand in the economy. Regarded widely as the cornerstone of Keynesian thought, the book attacked the established classical economics based upon
laissez-faire, and put forward important theories on the consumption function, the
multiplier (economics),
marginal efficiency of capital and liquidity preference.
In Keynes' book
Essays in Persuasion he looked back on his frustrating attempts to influence public opinion in the West during the Great Depression of the early nineteen thirties. Part of his frustration is, as he concedes, that "the theory of aggregated production, which is the point of the following book, nevertheless can be much easier adapted to the conditions of a totalitarian state totalen Staates than the theory of production and distribution of a given production put forth under conditions of free competition and a large degree of laissez-faire." Thus, the
General Theory' represented Keynes's attempt to shift opinion by altering the framework of thought in macro-economics.
Overview
Keynes was advocating measures in a scenario of mass unemployment and widespread suffering amidst the social classes of societies around the world. While hundreds of socialites and politicians viewed the Great Depression, as well as the inability to restore confidence in markets, as the
failure of capitalism on a broad base, Keynes viewed it as a narrow trouble brought about by technical problems, a "magneto trouble", as he wrote in 1930
Essays in Persuasions,
The Great Slump of 1930, JMK. In fact, Keynes' view was that something was needed to step in the breach caused by the deficiency of demand; writing that "
no obvious case is made out for a system of State Socialism which would embrace most of the economic life of the community." The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, p. 378 Keynes argued that much less intrusive government expenditure policies could ensure adequate effective demand, allowing the market economy to go on as before. Unlike the Communism who believed in a full takever of the means of production by government, Keynes advocated a lesser degree of state control over the means of production.
Over the seven decades since its publishing in the mid-1930s, the
General Theory has shaped the views of politicians, businessmen and administrators around the world, where unbeknown to them, policies such as tax cuts to create jobs by putting spending money in people's pockets is the direct result of Keynesian doctrine. Briefly, the
General Theory argued that the level of employment in a modern economy was determined by three factors: the marginal propensity to consume (the percentage of any increase in the income that people chose to spend on goods and services), the marginal efficiency of capital (the cut-off rate used to see whether investments are worthy, which are dependent on anticipated rates of return) and the rate of interest.
Keynes's key arguments included the idea that in an economy bedeviled by weak demand, termed also as a depression, where in his terminology there was an ignition problem (a difficulty in getting the economy to move forward more vigorously), then the government (more broadly the public sector) could increase aggregate demand by increasing its expenditures, including by
deficit spending (borrowing to finance the expenditures), and that the public-sector borrowing would not increase prices or interest rates sufficiently to undermine the short-term effectiveness of such a policy.
Although similar research was done earlier by economists such as
Michał Kalecki, and
Ernst Wigforss, it was Keynes' work which became the most famous. At his best Keynes was a wonderful craftsman of the English language and his fluency is in evidence all throughout the General Theory; examples of Keynes' command of the language abound in the book, for example, Chapter XII dealing with "
The State of Long Term Expectation" is considered to be an example of the best writing about the stock market. However, much of the book shows Keynes at his worst, with long complicated sentences uncharacteristic of his style of writing, at least when compared to that seen in previous books and articles.
The main points of the
General Theory are that:
- The economy's in-built tendency to correct deficient demand, if at all present, operates slowly and approximately, causing problems to society.
- Economies can suffer from times of overall insufficiency of demand, brought about by the cyclical nature of economic growth, which leads to involuntary unemployment.
- Governmental policies aimed at increasing demand can, in direct contrast with the slowness of the automatic clearing element of the economy, succeed in reducing unemployment quickly.
- It also becomes clear that sometimes increasing monetary supply in order to massage the economy into spending more is not wholly sufficient in stemming demand deficiency, and therefore requires governmental intervention.
To a present day economist, the above points, except possibly the monetary supply's inability to stimulate demand, are uncontroversial and accepted; and that is what made the
General Theory a breakthrough in economics, since it was this book that overthrew the established 'Treasury' view that budgets always had to be balanced, and that excessive saving harmed the economy more than it benefited it.
Book I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The General Theory
"I have called this book the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, placing the emphasis on the prefix general. The object of such a title is to contrast the character of my arguments and conclusions with those of the classical theory of the subject, upon which I was brought up and which dominates the economic thought, both practical and theoretical, of the governing and academic classes of this generation, as it has for a hundred years past. I shall argue that the postulates of the classical theory are applicable to a special case only and not to the general case, the situation which it assumes being a limiting point of the possible positions of equilibrium. Moreover, the characteristics of the special case assumed by the classical theory happen not to be those of the economic society which we actually live, with the result that its teaching is misleading and disastrous if we attempt to apply it to the facts of experience."
Chapter 2: The Postulates of the Classical Economics
Chapter 3: The Principle of Effective Demand
Book II: Definitions and Ideas
Chapter 4: The Choice of Units
Chapter 5. Expectation as Determining Output and Employment
Chapter 6. The Definition of Income, Saving and Investment
Appendix on User Cost
Chapter 7. The Meaning of Saving and Investment Further Considered
Book III: The Propensity to Consume
Chapter 8. The Propensity to Consume: I. The Objective Factors
Chapter 9. The Propensity to Consume: II. The Subjective Factors
Chapter 10. The Marginal Propensity to Consume and the Multiplier
Book IV: The Inducement to Invest
Chapter 11. The Marginal Efficiency of Capital
Chapter 12. The State of Long-term Expectation
Chapter 13. The General Theory of the Rate of Interest
Chapter 14. The Classical Theory of the Rate of Interest
Appendix on the Rate of Interest in Marshall and Ricardo
Chapter 15. The Psychological and Business Incentives to Liquidity
Chapter 16. Sundry Observations on the Nature of Capital
Chapter 17. The Essential Properties of Interest and Money
Chapter 18. The General Theory of Employment Re-stated
Book V: Money-Wages and Prices
Chapter 19. Changes in Money-Wages
Appendix on Prof. Pigou's Theory of Unemployment
Chapter 20. The Employment Function
Chapter 21. The Theory of Prices
Book VI: Short Notes Suggested by the General Theory
Chapter 22. Notes on the Trade Cycle
Chapter 23. Notes on Merchantilism, the Usury Laws, Stamped Money and Theories of Under-consumption
Chapter 24: Concluding Notes on the Social Philosophy towards which the General Theory might Lead
Criticisms and debate
The vast majority of those who oppose the
General Theory view the book as being inherently leftist, advocating high taxes and heavy governmental involvement; In response to such criticisms, Keynes describes his theory as having "moderately conservative implications" The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, p. 377. However, if one truly believes that free markets, left to their own devices, without any interference whatsoever, produce the best possible results, and that markets always clear, as well as that governmental intervention always breaches the stable market, then the Keynesian economics enshrined within the
General Theory can never be accepted.
In the foreword to the German edition of the
General Theory , Keynes, John Maynard. Foreword to the General Theory. Foreword to the German Edition/Vorwort Zur Deutschen Ausgabe
http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/foregt.html Keynes states that "the theory of aggregated production, which is the point of the following book, nevertheless can be much easier adapted to the conditions of a totalitarian state totalen Staates than the theory of production and distribution of a given production put forth under conditions of free competition and a large degree of laissez-faire." The implications of this statement are that Keynes concedes that his economic system was more compatible with the planned economies of those countries than the partially laissez-faire system that had been dominant in England and the United States.
The response to the publication of the
General Theory was controversial and heavy handed, dividing economists in two camps, the young economists influenced by Keynes, and the old school economists that supported a fully free market, laissez-faire economy. From Cambridge, Keynes's students published papers and books to further the Keynesian revolution. Joan Robinson in
1937 and James E. Meade in 1936 and 1937 two economists who wrote able "restatements" of the
General Theory. Furthermore, the writings of Austin Robinson in 1936, (The Economist), exposed the Keynesian ideas to an even wider audience.
Keynes's book was largely ignored on the European continent, with the unfortunate exception of
Nazi Germany, (where the translation of the
General Theory was published "
on paper rather better than usual, and the price not much higher than usual", as Keynes himself put it). The few reviews that actually emerged from there, particularly those by
Gustav Cassel in
1937 from Sweden and
Gottfried Haberler in 1936 from
Austria, were hostile from their outset. In France, both the professional, as well as the personal, hostility of influential conservative economists such as
Jacques Rueff guaranteed that Keynes' book would not even be translated until after the war in 1948.
Keynes had forecast in the
General Theory that his book was likely to lead to a revolution in the way men of affairs thought about public policy, and Keynesianism (government attempts to affect demand through fiscal policy (tax, expenditure and borrowing) and monetary policy) was enormously influential in the post-Second World War period. The stagflation of the 1970s made Keynes's interventionist approach less attractive to politicians and economic theorists.In most nations' economies it became widely accepted that Keynesian demand management was difficult, and that it had subtle damaging effects including undermining the advantages of sound finance (balanced budgets) and encouraging inflation.
Influence
Despite the adverse perceptions that grew of Keynesianism in the 1970s, it still shows up in the form of
new Keynesian economics, which attempts to merge
neoclassical economics with some Keynesian policy conclusions.
The fear of the
General Theory in America led to the delay of the study of Keynesian Economics in American classrooms. The first textbook to present Keynesianism, written by the Canadian economist Lorie Tarshis, was targeted by a right-wing campaign, which led to the cancellation of many university orders. This coordinated effort to prevent American students from learning Keynesian economics was ignored by professors at Yale University, which continued to assign the book. However, they were in turn attacked by William F. Buckley, for disseminating "evil ideas"
The Coming of Keynesianism to America, D. Colander H.Landreth, 1996
The book made the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Nonfiction, and is the tenth most harmful book ever published according to a panel of "conservative scholars and policy leaders", beating out
Lenin and
John Stuart Mill.
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Introduction by Paul Krugman to The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes
- Full text online. (with footnotes)
- Online text in screen-friendly format. (lacks footnotes)
- Foreword to the German Edition of the General Theory/Vorwort Zur Deutschen Ausgabe
{{infobox Book || name = The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money| image = | author =
John Maynard Keynes| language = [English language| genre =
Nonfiction, for the [Royal Economic Society| media_type = Print ([Hardback & Paperback)]. The book, generally considered to be the magnum opus of the English economist, is largely credited for creating the terminology of modern
macro-economics. Published in February 1936 it ushered in a revolution, commonly referred to as the "Keynesian Revolution", in the way economists thought and especially in terms of the feasibility and wisdom of public sector management and intervention towards the aggregate level of demand in the economy. Regarded widely as the cornerstone of Keynesian thought, the book attacked the established classical economics based upon
laissez-faire, and put forward important theories on the consumption function, the
multiplier (economics), marginal efficiency of capital and liquidity preference.
In Keynes' book
Essays in Persuasion he looked back on his frustrating attempts to influence public opinion in the West during the Great Depression of the early nineteen thirties. Part of his frustration is, as he concedes, that "the theory of aggregated production, which is the point of the following book, nevertheless can be much easier adapted to the conditions of a totalitarian state totalen Staates than the theory of production and distribution of a given production put forth under conditions of free competition and a large degree of laissez-faire." Thus, the
General Theory' represented Keynes's attempt to shift opinion by altering the framework of thought in macro-economics.
Overview
Keynes was advocating measures in a scenario of mass unemployment and widespread suffering amidst the social classes of societies around the world. While hundreds of socialites and politicians viewed the Great Depression, as well as the inability to restore confidence in markets, as the
failure of capitalism on a broad base, Keynes viewed it as a narrow trouble brought about by technical problems, a "magneto trouble", as he wrote in 1930
Essays in Persuasions,
The Great Slump of 1930, JMK. In fact, Keynes' view was that something was needed to step in the breach caused by the deficiency of demand; writing that "
no obvious case is made out for a system of State Socialism which would embrace most of the economic life of the community." The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, p. 378 Keynes argued that much less intrusive government expenditure policies could ensure adequate effective demand, allowing the market economy to go on as before. Unlike the Communism who believed in a full takever of the means of production by government, Keynes advocated a lesser degree of state control over the means of production.
Over the seven decades since its publishing in the mid-
1930s, the
General Theory has shaped the views of politicians, businessmen and administrators around the world, where unbeknown to them, policies such as tax cuts to create jobs by putting spending money in people's pockets is the direct result of Keynesian doctrine. Briefly, the
General Theory argued that the level of employment in a modern economy was determined by three factors: the marginal propensity to consume (the percentage of any increase in the income that people chose to spend on goods and services), the marginal efficiency of capital (the cut-off rate used to see whether investments are worthy, which are dependent on anticipated rates of return) and the rate of interest.
Keynes's key arguments included the idea that in an economy bedeviled by weak demand, termed also as a depression, where in his terminology there was an ignition problem (a difficulty in getting the economy to move forward more vigorously), then the government (more broadly the public sector) could increase aggregate demand by increasing its expenditures, including by deficit spending (borrowing to finance the expenditures), and that the public-sector borrowing would not increase prices or interest rates sufficiently to undermine the short-term effectiveness of such a policy.
Although similar research was done earlier by economists such as
Michał Kalecki, and
Ernst Wigforss, it was Keynes' work which became the most famous. At his best Keynes was a wonderful craftsman of the English language and his fluency is in evidence all throughout the General Theory; examples of Keynes' command of the language abound in the book, for example, Chapter XII dealing with "
The State of Long Term Expectation" is considered to be an example of the best writing about the stock market. However, much of the book shows Keynes at his worst, with long complicated sentences uncharacteristic of his style of writing, at least when compared to that seen in previous books and articles.
The main points of the
General Theory are that:
- The economy's in-built tendency to correct deficient demand, if at all present, operates slowly and approximately, causing problems to society.
- Economies can suffer from times of overall insufficiency of demand, brought about by the cyclical nature of economic growth, which leads to involuntary unemployment.
- Governmental policies aimed at increasing demand can, in direct contrast with the slowness of the automatic clearing element of the economy, succeed in reducing unemployment quickly.
- It also becomes clear that sometimes increasing monetary supply in order to massage the economy into spending more is not wholly sufficient in stemming demand deficiency, and therefore requires governmental intervention.
To a present day economist, the above points, except possibly the monetary supply's inability to stimulate demand, are uncontroversial and accepted; and that is what made the
General Theory a breakthrough in economics, since it was this book that overthrew the established 'Treasury' view that budgets always had to be balanced, and that excessive saving harmed the economy more than it benefited it.
Book I: Introduction
Chapter 1: The General Theory
"I have called this book the General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, placing the emphasis on the prefix general. The object of such a title is to contrast the character of my arguments and conclusions with those of the classical theory of the subject, upon which I was brought up and which dominates the economic thought, both practical and theoretical, of the governing and academic classes of this generation, as it has for a hundred years past. I shall argue that the postulates of the classical theory are applicable to a special case only and not to the general case, the situation which it assumes being a limiting point of the possible positions of equilibrium. Moreover, the characteristics of the special case assumed by the classical theory happen not to be those of the economic society which we actually live, with the result that its teaching is misleading and disastrous if we attempt to apply it to the facts of experience."
Chapter 2: The Postulates of the Classical Economics
Chapter 3: The Principle of Effective Demand
Book II: Definitions and Ideas
Chapter 4: The Choice of Units
Chapter 5. Expectation as Determining Output and Employment
Chapter 6. The Definition of Income, Saving and Investment
Appendix on User Cost
Chapter 7. The Meaning of Saving and Investment Further Considered
Book III: The Propensity to Consume
Chapter 8. The Propensity to Consume: I. The Objective Factors
Chapter 9. The Propensity to Consume: II. The Subjective Factors
Chapter 10. The Marginal Propensity to Consume and the Multiplier
Book IV: The Inducement to Invest
Chapter 11. The Marginal Efficiency of Capital
Chapter 12. The State of Long-term Expectation
Chapter 13. The General Theory of the Rate of Interest
Chapter 14. The Classical Theory of the Rate of Interest
Appendix on the Rate of Interest in Marshall and Ricardo
Chapter 15. The Psychological and Business Incentives to Liquidity
Chapter 16. Sundry Observations on the Nature of Capital
Chapter 17. The Essential Properties of Interest and Money
Chapter 18. The General Theory of Employment Re-stated
Book V: Money-Wages and Prices
Chapter 19. Changes in Money-Wages
Appendix on Prof. Pigou's Theory of Unemployment
Chapter 20. The Employment Function
Chapter 21. The Theory of Prices
Book VI: Short Notes Suggested by the General Theory
Chapter 22. Notes on the Trade Cycle
Chapter 23. Notes on Merchantilism, the Usury Laws, Stamped Money and Theories of Under-consumption
Chapter 24: Concluding Notes on the Social Philosophy towards which the General Theory might Lead
Criticisms and debate
The vast majority of those who oppose the
General Theory view the book as being inherently leftist, advocating high taxes and heavy governmental involvement; In response to such criticisms, Keynes describes his theory as having "moderately conservative implications" The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, p. 377. However, if one truly believes that free markets, left to their own devices, without any interference whatsoever, produce the best possible results, and that markets always clear, as well as that governmental intervention always breaches the stable market, then the Keynesian economics enshrined within the
General Theory can never be accepted.
In the foreword to the German edition of the
General Theory , Keynes, John Maynard. Foreword to the General Theory. Foreword to the German Edition/Vorwort Zur Deutschen Ausgabe http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/foregt.html Keynes states that "the theory of aggregated production, which is the point of the following book, nevertheless can be much easier adapted to the conditions of a totalitarian state totalen Staates than the theory of production and distribution of a given production put forth under conditions of free competition and a large degree of laissez-faire." The implications of this statement are that Keynes concedes that his economic system was more compatible with the planned economies of those countries than the partially laissez-faire system that had been dominant in England and the United States.
The response to the publication of the
General Theory was controversial and heavy handed, dividing economists in two camps, the young economists influenced by Keynes, and the old school economists that supported a fully free market, laissez-faire economy. From Cambridge, Keynes's students published papers and books to further the Keynesian revolution.
Joan Robinson in
1937 and James E. Meade in 1936 and 1937 two economists who wrote able "restatements" of the
General Theory. Furthermore, the writings of Austin Robinson in 1936, (
The Economist), exposed the Keynesian ideas to an even wider audience.
Keynes's book was largely ignored on the European continent, with the unfortunate exception of Nazi Germany, (where the translation of the
General Theory was published "
on paper rather better than usual, and the price not much higher than usual", as Keynes himself put it). The few reviews that actually emerged from there, particularly those by Gustav Cassel in
1937 from Sweden and Gottfried Haberler in 1936 from Austria, were hostile from their outset. In
France, both the professional, as well as the personal, hostility of influential conservative economists such as Jacques Rueff guaranteed that Keynes' book would not even be translated until after the war in 1948.
Keynes had forecast in the
General Theory that his book was likely to lead to a revolution in the way men of affairs thought about public policy, and
Keynesianism (government attempts to affect demand through fiscal policy (tax, expenditure and borrowing) and monetary policy) was enormously influential in the post-Second World War period. The
stagflation of the 1970s made Keynes's interventionist approach less attractive to politicians and economic theorists.In most nations' economies it became widely accepted that Keynesian demand management was difficult, and that it had subtle damaging effects including undermining the advantages of sound finance (balanced budgets) and encouraging inflation.
Influence
Despite the adverse perceptions that grew of Keynesianism in the 1970s, it still shows up in the form of
new Keynesian economics, which attempts to merge neoclassical economics with some Keynesian policy conclusions.
The fear of the
General Theory in America led to the delay of the study of Keynesian Economics in American classrooms. The first textbook to present Keynesianism, written by the Canadian economist Lorie Tarshis, was targeted by a right-wing campaign, which led to the cancellation of many university orders. This coordinated effort to prevent American students from learning Keynesian economics was ignored by professors at Yale University, which continued to assign the book. However, they were in turn attacked by William F. Buckley, for disseminating "evil ideas"
The Coming of Keynesianism to America, D. Colander H.Landreth, 1996
The book made the
Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Nonfiction, and is the tenth most harmful book ever published according to a panel of "conservative scholars and policy leaders", beating out
Lenin and
John Stuart Mill.
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Introduction by Paul Krugman to The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes
- Full text online. (with footnotes)
- Online text in screen-friendly format. (lacks footnotes)
- Foreword to the German Edition of the General Theory/Vorwort Zur Deutschen Ausgabe
Amazon.co.uk: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money ...
Amazon.co.uk: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (Great Minds Series): John Maynard Keynes: Books ...
Amazon.co.uk: General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money: Vol.7 ...
Amazon.co.uk: General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money: Vol.7: John Maynard Keynes: Books ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money - Wikipedia, the ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money was written by the English economist John Maynard Keynes. The book, generally considered to be his magnum opus, is largely ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes ... Table of Contents. PREFACE ; PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION ; PREFACE TO THE JAPANESE EDITION ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes (chapter12) ... I. We have seen in the previous chapter that the scale of investment depends on the ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money >> Palgrave.com ...
Palgrave Macmillan is a global academic publisher, serving learning and scholarship in higher education and the professional world
The Keynesian Revolution: Contents
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard Keynes (1936). (electronic text). I - On Keynes (1) Introduction (3) Keynes's Critique of Untheory
The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page
Introduction by Paul Krugman to The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, by John Maynard Keynes. SYNOPSIS: Introduction. In the spring of 2005 a panel of ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard ...
John Maynard Keynes The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Chapter 3. The Principle of Effective Demand I. WE need, to start with, a few terms which will be defined ...
The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money by John Maynard ...
John Maynard Keynes The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Chapter 12. The State of Long-Term Expectation I. WE have seen in the previous chapter that the scale of ...
